Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Toward essential oil stewardship: strain-resolved evaluation of thyme oil activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1659096

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial activity of the tested compounds against P. aeruginosa strains assessed using a modified disk diffusion method. Results for diameters of growth inhibition zones (mm) (n = 10). (A) Representative zones of P857 strain growth inhibition after the treatment with Thyme Essential Oil (TEO). (B) Representative zones of P857 strain growth inhibition after the treatment with polyhexanide (PHMB). (C) The lines represent a mean value.

Article Snippet: The activity of TEO and PHMB against P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and P857 biofilms was confirmed also using a fluorescence microscope ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Modification, Diffusion-based Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Toward essential oil stewardship: strain-resolved evaluation of thyme oil activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1659096

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibiofilm activity of the tested compounds against P. aeruginosa strains (n = 10) expressed as a reduction (log 10 ) of biofilm cells. TEO, Thyme Essential Oil, PHMB, polyhexanide. The lines represent a mean value.

Article Snippet: The activity of TEO and PHMB against P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and P857 biofilms was confirmed also using a fluorescence microscope ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Toward essential oil stewardship: strain-resolved evaluation of thyme oil activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1659096

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microscopic visualizations of the P. aeruginosa biofilm (covering the surface of a 24-well plate) stained with a LIVE/DEAD dye. ATCC 15442 strain’s untreated biofilm. (A) ATCC 15442 strain’s biofilm treated with Thyme Essential Oil. (B) ATCC 15442 strain’s biofilm treated with polyhexanide. (C) P857 strain’s untreated biofilm. (D) P857 strain’s biofilm treated with Thyme Essential Oil. (E) P857 strain’s biofilm treated with polyhexanide. (F) The red/orange color shows bacterial cells with altered/damaged cell walls; the green color indicates unaltered cell walls. Fluorescence microscope Etaluma 600 (magnification 4×). The well diameter was 15 mm.

Article Snippet: The activity of TEO and PHMB against P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and P857 biofilms was confirmed also using a fluorescence microscope ( ).

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Toward essential oil stewardship: strain-resolved evaluation of thyme oil activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1659096

Figure Lengend Snippet: Visual representation of the data distribution for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the tested compounds against genetically distinct groups of P. aeruginosa strains. Distribution of growth inhibition zones values (mm). (A,B) Distribution of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (%, v/v). (C,D) Distribution of biofilm cells reduction (%). (E,F) The horizontal lines indicate a median value, the spots indicate a mean value, the error lines indicate a standard deviation, and the boxes indicate the interquartile range. TEO, Thyme Essential Oil; PHMB, polyhexanide C+, growth control.

Article Snippet: The activity of TEO and PHMB against P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and P857 biofilms was confirmed also using a fluorescence microscope ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition, Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Toward essential oil stewardship: strain-resolved evaluation of thyme oil activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1659096

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the tested compounds against genetically distinct groups of P. aeruginosa strains. The mean diameters of growth inhibition zones (mm). (A) The mean values of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (%, v/v) (MIC). (B) The mean reduction (log 10 ) of biofilm cells. (C) TEO, Thyme Essential Oil, PHMB, polyhexanide. The error lines represent a standard deviation.

Article Snippet: The activity of TEO and PHMB against P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and P857 biofilms was confirmed also using a fluorescence microscope ( ).

Techniques: Comparison, Activity Assay, Inhibition, Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Toward essential oil stewardship: strain-resolved evaluation of thyme oil activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1659096

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of P. aeruginosa strains’ biofilm features and pseudomonal resistance to Thyme Essential Oil (TEO) or PHMB (polyhexanide) in genetically distinct groups. A heatmap was generated by setting a mean of all strains for each parameter ± 25% as high when the value was above the range (blue), low when the value was below the range (red) and medium when the value was equal to the range (grey). CFU/mL, Colony-Forming Unit/mL. MIC, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration.

Article Snippet: The activity of TEO and PHMB against P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and P857 biofilms was confirmed also using a fluorescence microscope ( ).

Techniques: Generated, Concentration Assay

Journal: Veterinary Ophthalmology

Article Title: Pantoea agglomerans in Equine Ulcerative Keratitis: Prevalence and Comparative Efficacy of Four Topical Antiseptics

doi: 10.1111/vop.70044

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphical representation of the results of MBC testing for 14 isolates of Pantoea agglomerans (A‐N). Each isolate was tested in triplicate with the substances PHMB, PVP‐I, NAC, and HOCL. Three replicates are indicated by three rows per isolate. White fields indicate no reduction in CFU. Gray fields indicate a reduction in CFU that does not meet the MBC definition. Black fields fulfill the MBC definition. Only the relevant section of the serial dilution near the MBC is shown and given in ppm. The red color of the dilution indicates that no bactericidal effect was present for any isolate in that particular sample. The green color indicates that the MBC was reached for all isolates. Yellow concentrations had alternating results.

Article Snippet: This is even more pronounced for HOCL (Vetericyn.VF; 220 times more concentrated than MBC 10 ) and for PHMB (Lavasept, B.Braun; 125 times more concentrated than MBC 10 ).

Techniques: Serial Dilution

Journal: Veterinary Ophthalmology

Article Title: Pantoea agglomerans in Equine Ulcerative Keratitis: Prevalence and Comparative Efficacy of Four Topical Antiseptics

doi: 10.1111/vop.70044

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphical representation of semi‐quantitative analysis of the kill‐time of 14 Pantoea agglomerans isolates with four antiseptic agents: PHMB, PVP‐I, NAC, and HOCL. The x‐axis represents the time in seconds, while the y‐axis indicates the reduction in CFU. The y‐axis scale is defined as follows: 3 = no reduction in CFU, 2 = reduction in CFU without meeting the MBC criteria, 1 = reduction in CFU meeting the MBC criteria, 0 = no CFU detected. Different symbols indicate the fraction of pathogens at the same level at a given time. The symbol legend indicates the count of isolates displayed.

Article Snippet: This is even more pronounced for HOCL (Vetericyn.VF; 220 times more concentrated than MBC 10 ) and for PHMB (Lavasept, B.Braun; 125 times more concentrated than MBC 10 ).

Techniques: